The natural history of prehypertension. A 20-year follow-up

G. Pannarale, C. Moroni, M.C. Acconcia, G. Pannitteri, G. Truscelli, L. Valente, P. Gentile, F. Lopreiato, R. Licitra, M. Tancredi, P.E. Puddu, M.L. Troccoli, P. Cardelli, F. Barillà, C. Gaudio

Dipartimento Cuore e Grossi Vasi “Attilio Reale”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. giuseppe.pannarale@uniroma1.it

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• Cardiology

OBJECTIVE: According to the JNC7 report, prehypertension category includes subjects with systolic blood pressure between 120 and 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 mmHg that would be at risk for developing hypertension and its untoward sequelae as myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring made it possible to detect subjects with masked hypertension, who are at risk of greater target organ damage than those with normal ambulatory or home blood pressure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of cardiac, cerebral and vascular events in a group of prehypertensive subjects, with and without masked hypertension.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 204 consecutive asymptomatic prehypertensive subjects without history and signs of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. All the subjects underwent clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram, routine laboratory tests and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. They were followed-up for a maximum of 237 months or until a cardiovascular event occurred.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven cardiovascular events (13.2%) occurred, including 4 abdominal aortic aneurysms. Age (p<0.0001), total cholesterol (p=0.004), smoking (p=0.03) and clinically overt hypertension development (p=0.011) were related to cardiovascular events. Prognosis was not related to masked hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that, in subjects with prehypertension, followed for 20 years, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and development of clinically overt hypertension could be more relevant than ambulatory hypertension in the prediction of an adverse outcome.

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