Study on adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts promoted by new absorbable bioactive glass injection in vitro

A. Axrap, J. Wang, Y. Liu, M. Wang, A. Yusuf

Micro Repair and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Orthopedic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. ahmat_yusuf1@163.com

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• Orthopedics

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts grown on absorbable bioactive glass-calcium phosphate cement injection (BG-CPC) materials in vitro.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: BG-CPC composite biomaterial samples were prepared in vitro, for culture with MC3T3-E1 rat osteoblasts. Cells were divided into CPC, BG and BG-CPC treated groups. After cultivation for 3d, cells were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and observed by fluorescence microscopy for osteoblast morphology on the surface of biomaterials. At 24h, 48h and 72h, MTT assay was used to test adhesion and proliferation, and bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) method was carried out to test ALP activity; ELISA was used to test bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β expression levels at day 3.

RESULTS: Compared with the other two groups, cells in the BG-CPC group had more attachments; the DAPI labelled nuclei were clearer and nuclear shape was more complete and full. Adhesion and proliferation, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells for all time points in the BG-CPC group were higher than those in the other two groups and differences were of statistically significant (p<0.05); BMP and TGF-β expression levels were higher than those in the other two groups and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: In vitro use of new absorbable bioactive glass is able to promote adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, which may be related to increased BMP and TGF-β expression.

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