An impactful prospective study on pulmonary tuberculosis in geriatric populations besides its clinical outcomes and implications in the Indian subcontinent

K. Dhamotharaswamy, H. Selvaraj, K. Chidambaram, M. Dhanasekaran, K. Duraisamy, N.A. Khan, S. Thangavel

Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India. hema.mpharm@gmail.com

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• Geriatrics
• Infectious Diseases

OBJECTIVE: Geriatric populations are most at risk for the tuberculosis pandemic, and as people age, the rate of infection rises steadily and drastically. Geriatric individuals frequently experience diagnostic challenges with a wide range of comorbidities, but employing all available standard and novel methods to diagnose any infection is crucial. The prophylactic and therapeutic management for the geriatric population presents a significant difficulty and challenge in assessing an appropriate and effective therapeutic outcome due to prolonged drug therapy and adverse drug reactions. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in the geriatric population in the Indian subcontinent, its risk factors, clinical outcomes, and adherence to the medication.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective observational investigation was conducted in a tertiary care Hospital in Erode, Tamil Nadu, India, from April 2021 to September 2022. A total of 1,014 patients were screened, and 176 participants were selected. The participants were then subjected to medication adherence evaluation, and clinical data was collected.  The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.

RESULTS: Among 176 participants, 135 (76.70%) were old (65-74 age), 37 (21.02%) were very old (75-84 age) TB patients, and 4 (2.27%) patients were extremely old TB patients (>85). Medication adherence was improved from baseline to the end of the study (p≤0.000). 110 patients completed the treatment (62.5%). 41 patients were cured in between treatments (23.29%), 13 patients died during the treatment (7.38%), 9 patients lost their follow-up (5.11%), 3 patients failed to respond to the treatment (1.70%).

CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of therapy critically depends on the patient’s medication adherence to anti-TB therapy. In addition to having a higher likelihood of therapy failure, elderly patients did not appropriately respond to the treatment and completely recovered from the infection even after effective pharmacotherapy.

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